say you're playing a song which has the chords Eb and Bb7 but you want to play it a bit lower/with easier chords, so you want to play in the key of D. You can transpose a simple song as you play. As long as the new chords are ALL exactly the same interval (number of semitones up or down) away from the original chords, it will sound fine. This isn't hard to do if you're just playing chords- you can simply transpose all the chords to your preferred key. Sometimes you might want to drop the pitch down a bit, or change to a different key altogether. Using a capo is only good for up to 4-5 frets on a guitar, and it's not so practical for a ukulele, which has a short neck to start with. This is handy if you want to sing in the key of Eb (often a good key for male voices) or if you want to sing along with the Beatles, for instance (if their recording is in Eb). but you can play all the chords for the key of D.
So if you play D chords with a capo on the first fret, you'll actually be playing in Eb, one half tone up from D.
One easy solution is to use a capo (see Folk Guitar Basics) to raise the pitch a little bit - as you go up the neck you'll raise the pitch by one semitone per fret. Lots of Beatles songs, for instance, seem to be in the key of Eb, which is a horrible key to play on the guitar or ukulele the chord formations need you to stretch and distort your left hand beyond what I consider reasonable.
Not all songs are written out or recorded in a key that suits your voice/instrument.
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